Germany

Federal Republic of Germany
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Location  Europe
Capital  Berlin
Area  357,022 sq km
Population  80,457,737

"There's no time like the present"
(Proverb/Quote of the Week)

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January

January 1 Professor Walter Hallstein, a German politician, served as President of the European Commission. He took the office on January 1, 1958. He was the first President of European Commission which is the executive body of the European Union-an economic and political union of European countries. January 2 January 3 January 4 German researchers and a global team of astronomers have uncovered the cosmological source of a sporadically repeating milliseconds-long “fast radio burst.” Once thinking these bursts had emanated from within the Milky Way galaxy, or from cosmic neighbours, the astronomers now confirm that they are long-distance flashes from across the universe – more than 3 billion light-years away, according to a new report published on 4 January 2017 in the journal Nature. German and French scientists have revealed that the giant ape Gigantopithecus went extinct 100,000 years ago, due to its inability to adapt, as revealed on 4 January 2016. Analyses of fossil tooth enamel show that the primates were restricted to forested habitats. January 5 An international team of scientists, including researchers from Germany, has discovered extremely metal-poor star stream in Milky Way, as published on 5 January 2022 in the journal Nature. January 6 German football referee Bibiana Steinhaus was named the World’s Best Woman Referee for the year 2014 by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics on 6 January 2015. January 7 German director Fatih Akin's drama film In the Fade, about a woman who seeks justice after the death of her son and her Kurdish husband in a bomb attack, won the Best Motion Picture Award for Foreign Language film at the 75th Golden Globe Awards on 7 January 2018. January 8 Researchers from Germany and their international colleagues have found aggressive intestinal bacteria Helicobacter pylori in a 5300-year-old mummy, famously known as Ötzi - the Copper Age man, discovered frozen in a European glacier in 1991, shedding new light on the history of human migration. Their study was published in the journal Science on 8 January 2016. January 9 Legendary German coach Silvia Neid won the FIFA Best Women's Coach award in Zurich on 9 January 2017. Fans of German club Borussia Dortmund won the inaugural FIFA Fan Award in Zurich on 9 January 2017. January 10 January 11 A team of international and German scientists have observed a huge amount of star-forming gas ejecting into the universe by the coming together of two galaxies. The merger created a new galaxy called ID229 as published on 11 January 2021 in the journal Nature Astronomy. January 12 German passport was ranked as the most powerful passport in the world, according to the 2017 passport index published by Arton Capital, allowing its citizens visa-free access or a visa on arrival in 158 countries. Joachim Loew of Germany won the coach of the year award at the FIFA Ballon D'Or ceremony in Zurich on 12 January 2015 for his contributions at the 2014 World Cup trophy. German footballer Nadine Kessler won the FIFA Women's Player of the Year award on 12 January 2015. January 13 January 14 Researchers from Goethe University in Germany have discovered a bacterium in the microbiome of the rumen of cows which has a new type of cell respiration. Their finding, reveals how cows can adapt themselves to a fluctuating sodium content in their feed, was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on 14 January 2020. An international team of researchers, that also includes researchers from Germany, found links between Indians and Aboriginal Australians. The study, published in US journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on 14 January 2013, found genetic links between Aborigines from the Northern Territory and Indians that pre-dated European arrival in Australia – going back between 4000 and 5000 years. January 15 January 16 Germany on 16 January 2013 announced to bring home gold stored in the United States and France. The move is part of an effort by Germany's central bank to bring much of its gold home after keeping big reserves outside the country for safekeeping during the Cold War. January 17 January 18 German footballer Toni Kroos was named the World’s Best Playmaker in 2014 by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics on 18 January 2015. January 19 Astronomers from Germany and the United States have captured first ever image of Cosmic Web that holds galaxies together. The research results from the 10-metre Keck telescope in Hawaii were reported in the journal Nature on 19 January 2014. January 20 January 21 January 22 German researchers from the Ruhr University Bochum, led by Professor Dietmar Fischer, have enabled mice paralysed after spinal cord injuries to walk again, re-establishing a neural link hitherto considered irreparable in mammals by using a designer protein injected into the brain, as widely reported on 22 January 2021. German scientists and their international colleagues have detected the presence of water vapour on Ceres, the only dwarf planet in the inner Solar System. Their study was published on 22 January 2014 in the journal Nature. January 23 German researchers, working with an international team of geologists, have discovered an enigmatic fossil of a 450 million year-old creature resembling a tiny ice-cream cone. The discovery was described in a paper published in the journal Palaios on 23 January 2018. German researchers and an international team of scientists have produced the first research findings to suggest that pre-Homo human ancestral species used human-like hand postures much earlier than was previously thought. Their findings, based on fossils analysis, were presented in the journal Science on 23 January 2015. January 24 January 25 January 26 Germany team Part-Time Scientists was named as one of the winners of the Google Lunar XPrize Milestone Awards in the Imaging category on 26 January 2015. The team has developed an innovative lunar lander and rover and plans to contribute to the development and building of an innovative new global communications network known as COMRAY. January 27 January 28 German and Madagascan scientists may have discovered the smallest reptile on earth - a chameleon subspecies that is the size of a seed. Two of the tiny lizards, called Brookesia nana, were discovered by in Madagascar, as reported on 28 January 2021. January 29 German construction of wind turbines reached a record high in 2014, with 4,750 megawatts, as the country gears up for a nuclear-free future. This represents a growth of 58% over the added capacity in the previous year (2,998 megawatts), as announced on 29 January 2015. The first petrol driven car was designed and built by a German engineer Karl Benz. He was awarded a patent for the concept on January 29, 1886. It had three wheels and seats for two people. It travelled at thirteen kilometers per hour. Finally, as the name suggests, Karl Benz's creation of the first petrol-powered car is the predecessor of today’s Mercedes-Benz. January 30 Ancient Mongolian skull called Mongolanthropus is the earliest modern human yet found in the region, who lived approximately 34 - 35 thousand years ago, as revealed by German, English and Mongolian scientists in Nature Communications on 30 January 2019. German Angelique Kerber won her maiden Grand Slam tennis singles title after beating world No.1 Serena Williams at the Australian Open on 30 January 2016. January 31

February

February 1 February 2 February 3 February 4 Anke Butawitsch of Germany won the Lone Tree Award at the International Landscape Photographer of the Year Awards on 4 February 2020. February 5 German researchers and a team of international scientists have discovered a 100 million-year-old spider with a scorpion-like tail in the jungles of Myanmar. The spider, named Chimerarachne yingi, was detailed in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution on 5 February 2018. February 6 The 1936 Winter Olympic Games were held in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany from February 6 to 16, 1936. It was the first time Germany hosted Olympic Games. February 7 February 8 Germany ranked 5th out of 50 nations in global Intellectual Property (IP) Index, released on 8 February 2018 by the US Chamber of Commerce Global Innovation Policy Center (GIPC), which analyzes the IP climate in 50 world economies. February 9 February 10 February 11 For the first time, scientists from Germany and their international colleagues have observed ripples in the fabric of spacetime called gravitational waves, arriving at the earth from a cataclysmic event in the distant universe, as published on 11 February 2016. This confirms a major prediction of Albert Einstein’s 1915 general theory of relativity and opens an unprecedented new window onto the cosmos. Natalie Geisenberger of Germany won gold in Women's Singles Run 4 at the 2014 Olympic Winter Games. February 12 February 13 For the first time, scientists from Germany and their international colleagues have detected a radio signal from outer space that repeats at regular intervals. The signal is coming from a single source half a billion light-years from Earth, as published on 13 February 2020. February 14 February 15 On 15 February 2012 a team of German and American researchers announced they have discovered the world's tiniest chameleon, a distinctive lizard, - small enough to fit on a matchstick - on an offshore Madagascan island. February 16 February 17 Teeth from mammoths buried in the Siberian permafrost for more than a million years have yielded the world's oldest DNA ever sequenced, according to a study by a team of German and international scientists published on 17 February 2021. February 18 German racing driver Sophia Flörsch won the Laureus World Comeback of the Year Award on 18 February 2020. February 19 February 20 German-designed implants aimed at restoring vision to patients blinded by retinal disease have succeeded in the second phase of trials, researchers reported on 20 February 2013 in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B. The device was tested for up to nine months among nine people with retinitis pigmentosa, an inherited disease in which light receptors on the back of the eyeball degenerate and eventually cease to function. February 21 Kiron, a German-based NGO that is committed to ensuring equitable access to quality education for refugees, asylum seekers and internally displaced people through its Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) project, on 21 February 2017 received the UNESCO King Hamad Bin Isa Al-Khalifa Prize for Innovation in Education. February 22 February 23 German scientists and a team of international researches have found the first major evidence that Neanderthals made cave paintings, created more than 64,000 years ago – 20,000 years before modern humans arrived in Europe. The paintings in three caves in Spain, indicating they may have had an artistic sense similar to our own, were detailed in the journal Science on 23 February 2018. February 24 German passport topped the Henley & Partners Visa Restrictions Index 2016, allowing its citizens visa-free access to 177 countries. A long-lost microcontinent hidden underneath the Indian Ocean island of Mauritius between Madagascar and India has been discovered, according to a study published by German researcher in collaboration with an international team on 24 February 2013 in the journal Nature Geoscience. February 25 Archaeologists from Germany, Belgium and Austria have discovered a large, well-preserved school for Roman gladiators in Carnuntum, Austria. The discovery was reported on 25 February 2014 in the journal Antiquity, reveals intricate details about the daily routine of these famous warriors. German director Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck's film The Lives of Others won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 79th Academy Awards on 25 February 2007. February 26 February 27 A prototype quantum radar that has the potential to detect objects which are invisible to conventional systems has been developed by a team of German and international researchers. The new breed of radar, reported in Physical Review Letters on 27 February 2015, is a hybrid system that uses quantum correlation between microwave and optical beams to detect objects of low reflectivity such as cancer cells or aircraft with a stealth capability. February 28 A team of German and international researchers has discovered that cells use sugars to communicate at the molecular level, as revealed in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on 28 February 2019. February 29

March

March 1 Measles vaccination became compulsory in Germany as the legislation came into effect on 1 March 2020. March 2 March 3 March 4 A team of German scientists based on the analysis of 47-million-year-old fossils has discovered that ancient horses were much smaller and ancient tapirs were much bigger than previously thought. Their study was published in Scientific Reports on 4 March 2020. March 5 March 6 March 7 March 8 A research team at the University of Cologne in Germany has discovered previously undescribed bacteria, named Pokemonas, in amoebae that are related to Legionella and may even cause disease. The results of their research were published in the journal Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology on 8 March 2021. Ancient DNA found in the dental plaque of Neandertals – our nearest extinct relative – has provided remarkable new insights into their behaviour, diet and evolutionary history, including their use of plant-based medicine to treat pain and illness nearly 50,000 years before the invention of penicillin. German scientists and their international colleagues published the finding in the journal Nature on 8 March 2017. March 9 A team of international and German researchers has discovered that Neanderthal remains discovered from a cave in Belgium are thousands of years older than previously reported, as revealed on 9 March 2021. March 10 German lawyer and former Olympic fencer Thomas Bach was re-elected as president of the International Olympic Committee on 10 March 2021 for a four-year term. March 11 Archaeologists in Germany have unearthed 250 year-old pretzels in Bavaria during a dig on the banks of the Danube in the German city of Regensburg, Bavarian Office for Historical Conservation revealed on 11 March 2015. Germany and Georgia on 11 March 2014 signed two agreements on financial cooperation and a protocol on amending the agreement on avoidance of double taxation. March 12 German footballer İlkay Gündoğan on 12 March 2021 was named Premier League Player of the Month for February, becoming the first Manchester City player to ever win back-to-back awards in January and February. German scientists were awarded 66 research grants by the European Research Council (ERC) on 12 March 2015 as part of the European Union Research and Innovation programme Horizon 2020. A team of international scientists, including researchers from Germany, has discovered a vast reservoir of water under the Earth's mantle, 400-600 kilometers (250-375 miles) beneath the Earth’s surface. Their study, confirmed the finding based on the discovery of a rare mineral ringwoodite, was published in the journal Nature on 12 March 2014. March 13 German archaeologists and a team of international researchers have discovered the oldest fossil human cranium from the Aroeira cave in Portugal dated to around 400,000 years ago. Their findings were detailed in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on 13 March 2017. March 14 March 15 March 16 German racing driver for the Mercedes team Nico Rosberg won the Formula One season-opening Australian Grand Prix on 16 March 2014 in 1 hour 32 minutes and 58.710 seconds. March 17 Germany’s Munich Airport ranked as the World's Third Best Airport at the World Airport Awards published by Skytrax on 17 March 2016. German biologist Georges J.F. Köhler, born on 17 March 1946, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1984. The Nobel Prize was awarded jointly to Georges J.F. Köhler, Niels K. Jerne (Danish) and César Milstein (Argentine) for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies. March 18 March 19 March 20 German Formula One driver Nico Rosberg claimed a well-earned victory at the season-opening Australian Grand Prix on 20 March 2016. A team of astronomers from Germany, Switzerland, Australia and Finland discovered a highly unusual galaxy in the shape of an emerald-cut diamond roughly 70 million light years away. The discovery was published on 20 March 2012 in The Astrophysical Journal. March 21 March 22 March 23 The world's biggest solar simulator, a setup of 149 high-performance Xenon short-arc lamps, named Synlight was switched on in Germany on on 23 March 2017. Dubbed as "the world's largest artificial sun", Synlight is intended to develop production processes for solar fuels, including hydrogen. March 24 Professor Emmanuelle Charpentier of Germany was named as one of five winners of the 2016 prestigious L’Oréal-UNESCO for Women in Science Award for the discovery of a versatile DNA editing technique called CRIPSR/Cas9. Sebastian Vettel of Germany won the 2013 Formula One Malaysian Grand Prix on 24 March 2013 in 1 hour 38 minutes 56.681 seconds. March 25 German scientists and a team of international researchers have discovered for the first time how the eyes drain cellular waste and debris. Their findings were reported in Science Translational Medicine on 25 March 2020. German racing driver Sebastian Vettel won the season opening F1 race in Melbourne on 25 March 2018 representing Ferrari. March 26 German racing driver Sebastian Vettel won the season-opening F1 Australian GP on 26 March 2017 in 1 hour 24 minutes and 11.672 seconds. Biologists from Germany, Madagascar and the United States on 26 March 2013 unveiled two new species of mouse lemur - tiny, big-eyed animals that inhabit the forests of Madagascar. Scientists compared DNA, body mass and length, skull and tooth size and coat coloring to declare Microcebus marohita and Microcebus tanosi to be separate species. March 27 Researchers from Germany, England and France have developed optical fiber cable that can transmit data at 99.7% the speed of light. Their findings, were published in the journal Nature Photonics on 27 March 2013, are expected to increase the speed of the Internet. Sebastian Vettel from Germany won the 2011 Australian Grand Prix, the opening round of the 2011 Formula One season, on March 27, 2011. Vettel, 2010 world champion, won the Grand Prix, beating 2008 world champion Lewis Hamilton by more than 22 seconds with Russian Vitaly Petrov was in the third position. March 28 March 29 German Formula One driver Sebastian Vettel won the 2015 Malaysian grand prix in 1 hour 41 minutes 5.793 seconds. It was Vettel's first grand prix since the end of 2013. March 30 March 31 Werner Zuschratter from Germany was selected as the global winner for his eye-catching image of a whole rat embryo captured with a confocal microscope at the Olympus Image of the Year Award announced on 31 March 2021.

April

April 1 An international team of researchers and German scientists has discovered that the planet was much warmer 90 million years ago, including Antarctica at the South Pole. Their study was published on 1 April 2020 in the journal Nature. April 2 A team of engineers from the German group Festo unveiled a bionic kangaroo, capable of jumping and then recovering its balance, on 2 April 2014. April 3 April 4 Rotraut Susanne Berner of Germany won the 2016 Hans Christian Andersen Award at a ceremony in Italy for Illustration in recognition to her lasting contributions to children literature. April 5 April 6 Scientists from Germany, England and Sweden have detected an atmosphere around an Earth-like planet GJ 1132b for the first time, as revealed on 6 April 2017. This marks the first detection of an atmosphere around an Earth-like planet other than Earth itself, and thus is a significant step on the path towards the detection of life outside our Solar System. April 7 A team of researchers from Germany, Spain and Italy has discovered a super-Earth orbiting the star GJ 740, a red dwarf star situated some 36 light years from the Earth, as published in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics on 7 April 2021. German scientists have developed a novel sensor that makes the spatial distribution of auxin, hormone which is of central importance for the development of plants, in the cells of living plants visible in real time. Their findings were published in Nature on 7 April 2021. An international research team, including German scientists, has sequenced the genomes of the oldest securely dated modern humans in Europe who lived around 45,000 years ago in Bacho Kiro Cave, Bulgaria, as published in the Nature on 7 April 2021. April 8 April 9 April 10 An international team of scientists, including researcher from Germany, has excavated 190-million-year-old dinosaur embryos in China. The fossils unearthed in China belonged to Lufengosaurus, a long-necked, plant-eating dinosaur known for its gigantic size, with adults growing up to 9m (30ft) long. Their findings were published on 10 April 2013 in the journal Nature. April 11 Ursula Sladek from Germany won the 2011 Goldman Environmental Prize, considered as the Nobel Prize for grassroots environmentalism, on 11 April 2011. Ursula was awarded for initiating her country’s first cooperatively-owned renewable power company in response to Germany’s expanded reliance on nuclear energy. April 12 German cyclist John Degenkolb won the Paris-Roubaix classic race on 12 April 2015 in France. April 13 April 14 April 15 German men's football team was named as the winner of the 2015 Laureus Team of the Year award in recognition of their sensational performance at the 2014 World Cup in Brazil. German racing driver Nico Rosberg won his maiden Formula 1 race with a dominant drive in the Chinese Grand Prix on 15 April 2012. April 16 German and Russian scientists have discovered that, billions of years ago, Mars possibly had a water cycle of its own. The study was published on 16 April 2019 in Geophysical Research Letters. Arkona offshore wind farm with a capacity of 385 MW, a joint venture between Germany's Eon and Norway's Equinor, in the Baltic Sea was officially opened on 16 April 2019. April 17 Scientists from Germany, France and the USA have detected the earliest Big Bang molecule, the helium hydride ion - HeH+, in space. The findings were published on 17 April 2019 in the journal Nature. April 18 April 19 April 20 A team of international and German scientists has discovered an earlier origin to the human language pathway in the brain, pushing back its evolutionary origin by at least 20 million years. Their findings were published in Nature Neuroscience on 20 April 2020. April 21 Four new species of freshwater crab, bright purple in color, were discovered by a team led by Hendrik Freitag of Germany's Senckenberg Museum of Zoology. The discovery was made in the biologically diverse but ecologically-threatened Philippines, according to an announcement on 21 April 2012. April 22 A study by German and international scientists of genomes from more than 27,000 people in Iceland has revealed that Neanderthal fathers were younger than Homo sapiens, but mothers were older. The research was published on 22 April 2020 in the journal Nature. Manchester City and German footballer Leroy Sané was crowned the Men’s Professional Footballers' Association (PFA) Players' Young Player of the Year on 22 April 2018 at the 45th PFA Awards in London. April 23 Scientists from Germany, the USA and Australia discovered that Antarctic minke whales are responsible for the bizarre quacking sound - nicknamed "the bio-duck" - appears in the winter and spring in the Southern Ocean. Their study was published on 23 April 2014 in the Royal Society journal Biology Letters. By sequencing the DNA of nearly 40 ancient skeletons found in the Mitelelbe Saale region of Germany, German scientists along with their international colleagues have suggested that the foundations of the modern European gene pool were laid down in the Neolithic era, between 4,000 and 2,000 BC. Their findings were published on 23 April 2013 in the journal Nature Communications. April 24 German singer Nicole won the 1982 Eurovision Song Contest for the song Ein Bißchen Frieden. This was the first time that Germany won the contest. April 25 April 26 April 27 A team of international scientists, including German researchers, has uncovered how brain cells in Alzheimer's go awry and lose their identity, as revealed in the journal Cell Stem Cell on 27 April 2021. April 28 German researchers and their international colleagues have discovered a giant exoplanet orbiting a star 500 light years away from Earth. Their findings were published in the Astronomical Journal on 28 April 2015. April 29 A team of international and German researchers has discovered that the Spinosaurus was the first dinosaur who could swim based on their analysis of a well-preserved fossil tail. The study was published in the science journal Nature on 20April 2020. April 30

May

May 1 For the first time, scientists have found a 160,000-year-old jawbone fossil from an extinct ancient human lineage known as the Denisovans in a cave on the Tibetan plateau. The discovery was made by German scientists and their international colleagues and published in the journal Nature on 1 May 2019. Horst Köhler served as the International Monetary Fund (IMF)'s eighth Managing Director from May 1, 2000 to March 4, 2004. IMF is an organization of over 180 member countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world. May 2 A team of researchers from Germany and Japan have found evidence in a lunar meteorite that water once existed on the moon, according to their paper published on the open access site Science Advances on 2 May 2018. The German project Center for Political Beauty won the 2016 Deutsche Welle's The Bobs - Best of Online Activism jury award in the Arts and Culture category. On 2 May 2012 the German and Italian scientists announced they have isolated what are believed to be the oldest traces of human blood ever found while examining the remains of "Ötzi," Italy's prehistoric iceman - a well-preserved natural mummy of a man, who roamed the Alps some 5,300 years ago. May 3 May 4 May 5 A team of international and German archaeologists has discovered the earliest human burial site yet found in Africa in a small pit at the entrance of Panga ya Saidi, a leafy cave located 15 kilometres from Kenya's south-east coast. The study, sheds new light on the emotional life of early Homo sapiens 78,000 years ago, was published in the journal Nature on 5 May 2021. May 6 Germany ranked as the third most tourism-friendly country in the world in the 2015 World Economic Forum’s Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index. Germany became a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), an intergovernmental military alliance, on May 6, 1955. May 7 May 8 May 9 German tennis star Alexander Zverev earned his second Mutua Madrid Open title on 9 May 2021 when he defeated Matteo Berrettini 6-7(8), 6-4, 6-3 in the final. May 10 German F1 driver Nico Rosberg won the 2015 Spanish Grand Prix, defeating Mercedes team mate Lewis Hamilton by 17.5s in Barcelona. May 11 Scientists from Germany and their international colleagues have found bones in a Bulgarian cave that shows modern humans may have arrived in Europe thousands of years earlier than previously thought, as published in the journal Nature on 11 May 2020. May 12 May 13 May 14 May 15 May 16 Germany ranked fourth at the 2017 Renewable Energy Country Attractiveness Index published by Ernst & Young for its initiatives to support a clean energy future. Lennart Kleinwort of Germany received the 2014 Intel Foundation Young Scientist Award for developing a mathematical tool for smartphones and tablets that brings capabilities to hand-held devices that previously required more sophisticated and expensive computing tools. May 17 A team of German and international astronomers have detected the most distant known source of oxygen in a galaxy of stars called MACS1149-JD1 13.28 billion light years away formed only 250 million years after the Big Bang. Their findings were reported in the journal Nature on 17 may 2018. May 18 Researchers from Germany and their European colleagues have discovered that some lava-like formations on Mars are actually the product of mud that flows like lava. Their study was published on 18 May 2020 in the journal Nature Geoscience. May 19 May 20 A team of international and German researchers has assessed the population history of the region of Lake Baikal in Siberia and found a clear transcontinental connection between the native people of Siberia and North America. Their study was published in the journal Cell on 20 May 2020. May 21 May 22 German scientists and their international colleagues have discovered 7.2 million year old pre-human remains in the Balkans, as detailed in the journal PLOS ONE on 22 May 2017. German and Chinese scientists have discovered 3,000-year-old trousers in the ancient Yanghai graveyard in China's Tarim Basin what appears to be the earliest example of trouser wearing. The findings were reported on 22 May 2014 in the journal Quaternary International. May 23 May 24 May 25 German and Brazilian scientists have discovered a well-preserved new Dicynodont skull from the Permian of Brazil. This new species, dubbed Rastodon procurvidens, is now the second known taxon from the Permian of Brazil, as published on 25 May 2016 in PLOS ONE. German football club Bayern Munich won the 2013 Champions League, Europe's premier club football tournament, beating German rival Borussia Dortmund 2-1 in the final at Wembley Stadium in London. May 26 Germany’s Nico Rosberg claimed his second career formula one victory after winning the Monaco Grand Prix on 26 May 2013. The Mercedes driver won the race in 2 hours 17 minutes and 52.056 seconds. German solar power plants produced a world record 22 gigawatts of electricity per hour - equal to 20 nuclear power stations at full capacity - through the midday hours on 25 and 26 May 2012, according to an official announcement by the Institute of the Renewable Energy Industry (IWR) in Muenster. This is a crucial step towards German government's plan to abandon nuclear power by 2022. May 27 May 28 German and Thai scientists have identified two new dinosaur species, named Phuwiangvenator yaemniyomi and Vayuraptor nongbualamphuensis, as revealed in the journal Acta Palaeontologica Polonica on 28 May 2019. Birds have been visiting and pollinating flowers for at least 47 million years, German researchers reported on 28 May 2014 in the journal Biology Letters. The researchers have analyzed a well-preserved fossil of the extinct bird Pumiliornis tessellatus, and found that the animal's stomach contents contain numerous angiosperm pollen grains. Russian Soyuz TMA-13M spacecraft carried three new crew members from Germany, the USA and Russia on an express trip to the International Space Station on 28 May 2014. They are scheduled to stay in orbit for six months. May 29 German astronomers and their international colleagues have found a rare exoplanet, named as NGTS-4b, as revealed on 29 May 2019. The planet is three times the size of Earth and 20% smaller than Neptune and the planet has its own atmosphere. Stefan W. Hell of Germany, Thomas W. Ebbesen of France and Sir John B. Pendry of England jointly won the prestigious 2014 Kavli Prize in Nanoscience for transformative contributions to the field of nano-optics that have broken long-held beliefs about the limitations of the resolution limits of optical microscopy and imaging. May 30 German scientists have recently, for the first time, extracted full nuclear genome data from ancient Egyptian mummies. The study, published on 30 May 2017 in Nature Communications, found that ancient Egyptians were most closely related to ancient populations from the Near East. May 31

June

June 1 Researchers from Germany and their international colleagues have manufactured a chip on which fast electronic signals can be converted directly into ultrafast light signals—with practically no loss of signal quality. The discovery was published in the journal Nature Electronics on 1 June 2020. A team of international and German scientists has discovered dunes on Pluto, likely to have been formed of methane ice grains released into its rarefied atmosphere. Their findings were published in Science on 1 Jun 2018. June 2 June 3 June 4 The Hula painted frog not seen for 60 years and declared extinct, recently rediscovered in Israel, has been reclassified as a "living fossil" by researchers from Germany, Israel and France. Their study was published in the journal Nature Communications on 4 June 2013. June 5 June 6 June 7 Scientists from Germany and a team of international researchers have discovered the oldest fossils of Homo Sapiens in Morocco that show Homo sapiens emerged at least 100,000 years earlier than previously recognised. Their findings were published in the journal Nature on 7 June 2017. June 8 The UN General Assembly on 8 June 2018 elected Germany as a non-permanent member to the UN Security Council to serve during 2019-2020. June 9 June 10 June 11 Professor Johan Rockström from the University of Potsdam in Germany won the Climate Change Award at the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation Award, one of the most coveted environmental awards in the world for the year 2020, in recognition of his work on global sustainability issues. The genetic blueprint of the Eucalyptus grandis (flooded gum) has almost been sequenced by a team of international researchers, including scientists from Germany. The five-year effort to analyze the 640 million base-pair genome was reported on 11 June 2014 in the journal Nature. June 12 Archaeologists from Germany and their international colleagues have discovered the oldest known evidence of bow and arrow use, used 48,000 years ago in Sri Lanka. This represents the earliest evidence of bow and arrow technology outside of Africa to date, as published on 12 June 2020 in the journal Science Advances. The Max Planck Society in Germany for the Advancement of Science was bestowed with the 2013 Spain's Prince of Asturias Award for International Cooperation. June 13 Scientists have decoded the bonobo, a great ape, genome according to a researcher published in the journal Nature on 13 June 2012. The research was undertaken by an international team led from the Max Planck Institute (MPI) for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany. June 14 Astronomers from Germany, Estonia and China have discovered the largest known spinning structures in the universe, tendrils of galaxies up to hundreds of millions of light-years long, according to a study published on 14 June 2021 in the journal Nature Astronomy. June 15 Golfer Martin Kaymer on 15 June 2014 became the first German to win the US Open golf tournament. June 16 German composer Hans Zimmer won the inaugural Stephen Hawking medal in the Arts category on 16 June 2016 for his contributions in the science-fiction blockbuster Interstellar. June 17 Germany ranked as the 16th most peaceful country in the world at the 2015 Global Peace Index published by Institute for Economics & Peace. June 18 German and Swiss scientists have grown mini-brains from human stem cells that contain Neanderthal DNA and proteins, according to their study published in the journal Stem Cell Reports on 18 June 2020. June 19 June 20 June 21 An international team of researchers and German scientists have mapped out the genomes of 44 ruminant species and explained insights like why deer are less likely to develop cancer, as reported in the journal Science on 21 June 2019. June 22 June 23 Researchers from Germany and their international colleagues have reported that there was flowing water on Mars 500,000 years ago. Their study was published in Nature Communications on 23 June 2015. June 24 German artist Thomas Ganter on 24 June 2014 was announced as the winner of the annual BP Portrait Award for a painting of a homeless man with a plaid blanket. June 25 June 26 June 27 June 28 Germany won gold in the men's Volleyball final at the 2015 European Games defeating Bulgaria 3-1 (25-16, 25-18, 29-31, 25-21). June 29 June 30 Germany on 30 June 2014 launched a new satellite, the 14 kg AISAT, into space from the spaceport of Sriharikota, India. Germany's Nico Rosberg won the 2013 British Formula One Grand Prix for Mercedes by 0.7 seconds from Australian Mark Webber for Red Bull. The Margravial Opera House, built between 1745 and 1750, in the town of Bayreuth, Germany was added to UNESCO’s World Heritage List on June 30, 2012. Germany won the tenth European Football Championship by beating Czech Republic 2-1 in the final on 30 June 1996.

July

July 1 July 2 A team of German and international scientists has made a significant break-through by successfully sequencing the full koala genome for the first time. The findings were published on 2 July 2018 in Nature Genetics. A team of researchers from Germany, Mongolia and the USA has discovered the oldest evidence of horse veterinary dentistry. Their study, based on the analysis of horse remains from an ancient Mongolian pastoral culture, was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on 2 July 2018. Germany won the 2017 Confederations Cup football championships beating Chile 1-0 in the final on 2 July 2017 in Russia. July 3 July 4 Germany (West Germany) won the 1954 FIFA Soccer World Cup by beating Hungary 3–2 in the final on July 4, 1954. West Germany became world champions in Switzerland by ending the proud 31-match unbeaten record of Hungary’s 'Magical Magyars' in a Final forever remembered as the Miracle of Berne. July 5 July 6 German researchers and their international collaboration have discovered the first evidence of Neanderthal cannibalism in northern Europe. Their findings were published in the journal Scientific Reports on 6 July 2016 based on the analysis of Neanderthal human remains. July 7 Germany and China on 7 July 2014 signed a number of business agreements in Beijing, including buying helicopters from Germany, worth over $400 million and setting up a new automobile manufacturing base in China, during German Chancellor Angela Merkel's 7th visit to China. Germany (West Germany) won the 1974 FIFA Soccer World Cup by beating Netherlands 2–1 in the final on July 7, 1974. It was Germany's second soccer world cup win. July 8 Formula One racing driver Sebastian Vettel of Germany won the 2018 British Grand Prix beating local star Lewis Hamilton. German footballer Miroslav Klose became the top scoring player in the FIFA World Cup history with his 16th goal in the semi-final against Brazil on 8 July 2014. Germany (West Germany) won the 1990 FIFA Soccer World Cup by beating Argentina 1–0 in the final on July 8, 1990. West Germany lifted the World Cup for the third time in 1990 as they avenged their Final defeat by Argentina four years earlier. July 9 July 10 A team of German and international researchers has identified a 210,000-year-old skull in Greece as the earliest modern human remains found outside Africa, putting the clock back on mankind's arrival in Europe by more than 150,000 years, as published in the journal Nature on 10 July 2019. July 11 Researchers from Germany and an international team using the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope have, for the first time, determined the true color of a planet outside our solar system. If seen up close this planet, known as HD 189733b, would be a deep cobalt blue, reminiscent of Earth’s color as seen from space. Their findings were published on 11 July 2013 in the Astrophysical Journal Letters. July 12 July 13 The Spektr-RG telescope, a joint venture between Germany and Russia, that will map X-rays across the entire sky in unprecedented detail was successfully launched into orbit atop a Proton rocket on 13 July 2019. Germany won the 2014 FIFA World Cup beating Argentina 1-0 in the final in Brazil. Germany became the first European team to clinch the championship in South America. July 14 German tennis start Angelique Kerber won the 2018 Wimbledon women’s singles grand slam title beating Serena Williams 6-3, 6-3 in the final. Germany was named Europe’s fourth most innovative country, according to the European Commission ranking published on 14 July 2016. German mathematician Peter Scholze won the 2014 Clay Research Award from the Clay Mathematics Institute. Peter was recognized for his many and significant contributions to arithmetic algebraic geometry, particularly in the development and applications of the theory of perfectoid spaces. July 15 Marlene Schmidt won the 1961 Miss Universe contest representing Germany at the age of 24. Marlene was the first German to be crowned Miss Universe. July 16 July 17 July 18 July 19 July 20 July 21 July 22 For the first time, the raw genetic material that codes for bats’ unique adaptations and superpowers such as the ability to fly, to use sound to move effortlessly in complete darkness, to survive and tolerate deadly diseases, to resist ageing and cancer – has been fully revealed by an international research team including scientists from Germany. The findings were published in Nature on 22 July 2020. July 23 July 24 German and English scientists have discovered the first known fossil of a four-legged snake, as detailed on 24 July 2015 in the journal Science. The fossil, from Brazil, dates back more than 110 million years and was found in a collection in a German museum. July 25 A 54 year old farmer from Germany was fitted with two new arms following a 15 hours transplant operation on July 25-26, 2008. It was world's first complete double arm transplant operation and was conducted at the Technical University of Munich, Germany. July 26 Researchers from Germany and their international colleagues have built the first artificial intelligence tool capable of identifying individual small birds without tagging. Their research was published in the British Ecological Society journal Methods in Ecology and Evolution on 26 July 2020. July 27 German football manager Jurgen Klopp named the League Managers' Association manager of the year on 27 July 2020 for his performance with the English club Liverpool. German researchers have discovered that bacteria from the human nose produce a novel antibiotic, named lugdunin, which is effective against multiresistant pathogens, as announced on 27 July 2016. German-trained Thoroughbred racehorse Novellist won the King George VI & Queen Elizabeth Stakes, a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain, on 27 July 2013. July 28 Germany won their sixth consecutive women's European Football Championship after a 1-0 victory over Norway on 28 July 2013. July 29 July 30 The Danube Limes (Western Segment), which stretches through Germany, Austria and Slovakia and marks the borders of the Roman Empire, was added to the UN World Heritage List on 30 July 2021. An international team of scientists, including researchers from Germany, have discovered the first aurora ever seen in an object beyond our Solar System. The aurora - reported on 30 July 2015 in the journal Nature - was spotted around a brown dwarf star called LSRJ 1835+3259 about 18 light years away. July 31

August

August 1 German mathematician Peter Scholze was awarded the most prestigious prize in the mathematics world, the Fields Medal on 1 August 2018. Germany was the proud organizer of the 1936 Summer Olympic Games. The games were held in Berlin from August 1 to August 16, 1936. August 2 August 3 August 4 Jakob Schillinger of Germany won the Giving Award at the 2016 Muhammad Ali Humanitarian Awards for his vision to bring affordable eyewear to over 150 million people in need. August 5 August 6 Researcher Fabiana Perocchi in the Gene Center at the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany was presented with the 2015 Vallee Young Investigator Award. The international prize is awarded to young researchers for outstanding achievements in biomedicine and carries USD 250,000 in prize money. August 7 August 8 August 9 August 10 A team of international and German researches have revealed that the dwarf planet Ceres is an ocean world with reservoirs of sea water beneath its surface. Their findings were published in the journal Nature on 10 August 2020. August 11 Germany won their second successive men's hockey gold on 11 August 2012 by beating the Netherlands 2-1 in a thrilling final in London. August 12 German and New Zealand scientists have discovered fossilized bones from an extinct monster penguin that was about the size of an adult human and swam the oceans some 60 million years ago. The findings were published on 12 August 2019 in Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. August 13 August 14 August 15 German photographer Robert Sommer was announced as the winner of Black and White Award at the Bird Photographer of the Year 2020. August 16 August 17 August 18 Ancient DNA studies by German, Croatian and Austrian researchers have revealed how human migrations from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age transformed the social and genetic structure of European societies, as reported in Scientific Reports on 18 August 2021. August 19 A team of researchers from Germany and Scotland has demonstrated a way to create polariton laser based on lab-grown, fluorescent jellyfish proteins -- which could help trigger major advances in fields like optical computing. Their study was published on 19 August 2016 in the journal Science Advances. August 20 August 21 Johannes Dahse and Thorsten Holz from Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany on 21 August 2014 won $50,000 Internet Defense Prize sponsored by Facebook with a seemingly viable approach to detecting vulnerabilities in Web applications. August 22 Germany's Alexander Zverev beaten Andrey Rublev of Russia 6-2, 6-3 in just 59 minutes on 22 August 2021 to win the Western & Southern Open tennis title at Mason, Ohio. Forbes magazine ranked German Chancellor Angela Merkel the most powerful woman in the world for the second year in a row in the annual list published on 22 August 2012. Merkel's was applauded for her initiatives in preserving the European Union and her influence over the euro zone's ongoing debt crisis. August 23 German football club Bayern Munich won the Champions League title beating PSG 1-0 in Portugal on 23 August 2020 German Christina Schwanitz won gold in the woman's shot-put at the 2015 IAAF World Championships with a throw of 20.37 meters. August 24 August 25 A previously unrecognised 132 million-year-old fossilised sea monster, Lagenanectes richterae, from northern Germany has been identified by German and Swedish researchers. Their study was published in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology on 25 August 2017. August 26 German manager of Chelsea Football Club Thomas Tuchel won the UEFA Men's Coach of the Year award on 26 August 2021. The 1972 Summer Olympics were held in Munich, Germany from 26 August to 11 September. It was the second time the games were held in Germany. August 27 German forward Célia Šašić won the UEFA Best Women's Football Player in Europe Award on 27 August 2015. August 28 Researchers from Germany, Italy and the USA have discovered cranium of a 3.8-million-year-old early human ancestor in Ethiopia. Their discovery was published in the journal Nature on 28 August 2019. Scientists from Germany and England have discovered the largest Ichthyosaurus on record and found it was pregnant at the time of death. The new specimen is estimated to be between 3 and 3.5 m long and roughly 200 million years old, as revealed in the scientific journal, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica on 28 August 2017. German midfielder Nadine Kessler was named UEFA's Best Women’s Player in Europe for the 2013/14 season at a ceremony on 28 August 2014. August 29 August 30 In an international collaborative effort, German scientists have discovered fossil remains of a new species of 200-million-year-old pterosaur from the Patagonia region of South America. The researchers named the new flying reptile Allkaruen koi in the journal PeerJ on 30 August 2016. Germany's Katharina Molitor won javelin gold with a 67.69 meters throw at the 2015 IAAF World Championships in China. August 31

September

September 1 Researchers from Germany and their international colleagues have discovered archaeological sites in the Nefud Desert of Saudi Arabia associated with the remains of ancient lakes formed when periods of increased rainfall transformed the region into grassland, as reported in the journal Nature on 1 September 2021. European XFEL, the largest and most powerful X-ray laser in the world, was officially inaugurated on 1 September 2017 in Germany, promising to shed new light onto very small things by letting scientists penetrate the inner workings of atoms, viruses and chemical reactions. September 2 September 3 German and English scientists have found a way to harness sunlight to make fuel by splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen, mimicking the mechanism of photosynthesis. The process paves the way for hydrogen to be captured and converted to electrical energy in a fuel cell, as revealed in the journal Nature on 3 September 2018. Germany ranked fifth most competitive economy, according to the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report 2014–15 published on 3 September 2014. September 4 September 5 German goalkeeper Nadine Angerer won the inaugural Best Women Football Player in Europe award on 5 September 2013. September 6 The European Space Agency (ESA) has completed the second of two instruments - called the Near-Infrared Spectrograph, or NIRSpec - it is contributing to the next great orbiting observatory, the James Webb Space Telescope. It was assembled for ESA by aerospace giant Astrium GmbH in Germany as officially revealed on 6 September 2013. September 7 September 8 German and Canadian physicists have created the first ever superconducting graphene sample by coating it with lithium atoms. Their findings, expected to have significant cross-disciplinary impact, were published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on 8 September 2015. German Formula One racing driver Sebastian Vettel won the 2013 Italian Grand Prix at Monza for his sixth win of the season. September 9 September 10 Angelique Kerber of Germany won the 2016 US Open women's tennis grand slam title, beating Karolina Pliskova 6-3, 4-6, 6-4 in the women's singles final at Flushing Meadows. September 11 September 12 Palaeontologists from Germany and Scotland have identified a prehistoric crocodile that lived around 180 million years ago by analysing fossils unearthed in the UK and Germany, as reported on 12 September 2019. September 13 September 14 September 15 September 16 September 17 Germany on 17 September 2018 rolled out the world's first hydrogen-powered train, the Coradia iLint, in northern Germany powered entirely by eco-friendly hydrogen fuel cells. Thomas Bach of Germany assumed office as the ninth President of the International Olympic Committee on 17 September 2013. September 18 A team of international and German archaeologists has found ancient human and animal footprints on the surface of an ancient lakebed in the Nefud Desert, Saudi Arabia. The footprints, dated to roughly 120,000 years ago, are contemporaneous with an early Homo sapiens out-of-Africa migration and represent the earliest evidence of our species in the Arabian Peninsula, as revealed in Science Advances on 18 September 2020. Eugen Kamenew of Germany won the Astronomy Photographer of the Year 2014 title in the People and Space category with a stunning photograph Hybrid Solar Eclipse 2 depicting rare example of a hybrid solar eclipse. Germany was admitted as a member of the United Nations (UN) on 18 September 1973. September 19 Ötzi the Iceman, a 5300 year old Neolithic man and apparently one of the oldest natural human mummies, was found by two German hikers in the Ötztal Alps on the border between Austria and Italy and later excavated by German archaeologist Herbert Hetzel on 19 September 1991. September 20 September 21 German, Russian and Australian scientists have discovered molecules of fat in an ancient fossil to reveal the earliest confirmed animal in the geological record that lived on Earth 558 million years ago. The fossil of the mysterious creature, called Dickinsonia, was detailed in the journal Science on 21 September 2018. September 22 September 23 German professional football manager Jürgen Klopp won the FIFA Men’s Coach of The Year Award on 23 September 2019 in Milan, Italy. A 9,000 year-old case of human decapitation has been found in the rock shelter of Lapa do Santo in Brazil, a decapitated skull covered in amputated hands, by an international team of scientists, including researchers from Germany. Their findings were detailed in the journal PLOS ONE on 23 September 2015. German Formula One racing driver Sebastian Vettel won the 2012 Singapore Grand Prix in 2 hours 26.144 seconds representing Red Bull racing team. September 24 A team of researchers from Germany and Canada has found that it is possible to reprogram heart muscle to repair damaged tissue. In their paper published in the journal Science on 24 September 2021, the group describes their approach to repairing damaged hearts in mice and how well it worked when tested. September 25 September 26 September 27 September 28 September 29 September 30 Germany ranked as the fourth most competitive country in the world, according to a World Economic Forum report released on 30 September 2015. This report, provides insight into the drivers of a country’s productivity and prosperity, suggests Germany has been nurturing innovation and talent. German author Günter Grass whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history was awarded the 1999 Nobel Prize for Literature.

October

October 1 October 2 A team of international scientists, including researchers from Germany, has discovered that Crickets were the first to chirp 300 million years ago. Their findings were published in the journal Nature Communications on 2 October 2020. German goalkeeper Manuel Neuer was named UEFA Champions League Goalkeeper of the Season on 2 October 2020 following a superb season at Bayern Munich. German horse Danedream won the 2011 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, Europe's most prestigious horse race, in a record time on 2 October 2011. The only other German-trained winner in Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe was Star Appeal in 1975. October 3 October 4 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences decided to award the Nobel Prize in Physics for 2005 with one half jointly to German physicist Theodor W. Hänsch for contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique. October 5 Klaus Hasselmann from Germany, Giorgio Parisi from Italy and Syukuro Manabe from the USA won the Nobel Prize in Physics 2021 for groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of complex systems. October 6 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2021 was awarded jointly to German scientist Benjamin List and Scottish-American scientist David W.C. MacMillan for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis. Reinhard Genzel of Germany, Roger Penrose of England and Andrea Ghez of the USA won the 2020 Nobel Physics Prize for their research into black holes. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2008 was awarded, with one half, to German cancer researcher Harald zur Hausen for his discovery of "human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer". October 7 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020 was awarded to Emmanuelle Charpentier from Germany and Jennifer A. Doudna from the USA for the development of a method for genome editing. German scientist Thomas C. Südhof and American scientists James E. Rothman and Randy W. Schekman were jointly awarded the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells. Red Bull's Sebastian Vettel took a dominant victory in the 2012 Japanese Grand Prix in 1 hour 28 minutes and 56.242 seconds. Vettel became the first driver to win two races in a row this season. October 8 Stefan W. Hell from Germany and Eric Betzig and William E. Moerner from the USA jointly won the 2014 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy. German sportswear company Puma announced a range of biodegradable shoes, apparel and accessories on 8 October 2012 in order to reduce waste and protect nature. The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2009 was awarded to the German author Herta Müller for works that combine the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicting the landscape of the dispossessed. October 9 German Formula One racing driver Sebastian Vettel won the Formula One World Championship, as the youngest driver to win the Drivers' Championship twice, on 9 October 2011. October 10 Professor Gerhard Ertl at the Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany won The Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2007 for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces. October 11 Researchers from Germany, Canada and the USA have discovered the smallest skull of a dinosaurs belong to the group of long-necked dinosaurs called diplodocids, as detailed in Scientific Reports on 11 October 2018. Scientists from Germany and England studying a broken-apart planet 150 light years away from Earth found signs of water and a rocky surface together for the first time beyond our Solar System. Their study was published on 11 October 2013 in the journal Science. October 12 German researchers have discovered a mechanism, a change in the DNA structure, that restores cell function after genome damage. The study was published in the journal Nature Structural & Molecular Biology 12 October 2020. October 13 October 14 German scientists and their international colleagues have unearthed a 125 million-year-old fossil of a creature, called Spinolestes xenarthrosus, with almost perfectly preserved skin and hair structures in Las Hoyas Quarry in central Spain. The discovery has pushed back the earliest record of preserved mammalian hair structures and inner organs by more than 60 million years, as reported in the journal Nature on 14 October 2015. Formula One racing driver Sebastian Vettel claimed the lead in the Formula One drivers’ championship with victory in the Korean Grand Prix on 14 October 2012. It was Vettel’s third win in three consecutive races this season. October 15 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physics by one half to Professor Ernst Ruska from Germany, for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope. Petra Schürmann, a German TV personality, won the Miss World title on October 15, 1956. Schürmann was the first German to win the title. German airship Graf Zeppelin completed its first successful transatlantic flight from Friedrichshafen to Lakehurst, New Jersey on October 15, 1928. The ship carried 40 crew members for flight duration of 111 hours and 44 minutes. October 16 October 17 October 18 October 19 German car manufacturer Audi broke the world speed record for a self-driving car on 19 October 2014. The automaker's RS7 vehicle reached top speeds of 149mph (240km/h) during a test on the Hockenheim racing circuit near Frankfurt. October 20 Scientists from Germany, the Netherlands and Canada have discovered that Europeans were already active in the Americas in 1021 AD, centuries before Columbus reached the Americas, as revealed in the Nature on 20 October 2021. October 21 October 22 October 23 October 24 October 25 October 26 October 27 October 28 Red Bull's Sebastian Vettel won the Formula One Indian Grand Prix on 28 October 2012. It was his fourth grand prix win in a row in this session. October 29 October 30 October 31

November

November 1 Germany ranked as the tenth most positive country at the World’s Most Positive Countries 2019. Germany ranked as the eighth most positive country at the World’s Most Positive Countries 2018. Germany ranked as the sixth most positive country at the World’s Most Positive Countries 2017. Germany ranked as the eighth most positive country at the World’s Most Positive Countries 2016. Germany ranked as the sixth most positive country at the World’s Most Positive Countries 2015. Germany ranked seventh in the list of the World’s Most Positive Countries for 2014. Germany ranked fifth in the list of the World’s Most Positive Countries 2013. Germany ranked sixth in the list of the World’s Most Positive Countries 2012. An international team of astronomers, that also includes researchers from Germany, detected what appears to be light from the first stars in the universe, indicating that stars were present at least as early as 500 million years after the “big bang”. The findings were published on 1 November 2012 in the journal Science. Germany ranked fifth in the list of the World’s Most Positive Countries 2011 revealed by Daily Positive (D+) published on November 1, 2011. November 2 November 3 November 4 German horse Protectionist won the 2014 Melbourne Cup, Australia's major thoroughbred horse race. November 5 November 6 The Nauener Platz City Park in Berlin won the European Soundscape Award for its innovative design which cuts traffic noise and creates a more attractive acoustic environment. The prize was presented at a ceremony in London by the European Environment Agency (EEA) and the Noise Abatement Society (NAS) on 6 November 2012. November 7 An international team of astronomers, including researchers from Germany, has discovered what they are calling a new “super-Earth,” which is seven times the size of Earth and has the right conditions to support life. Their research findings were published on 7 November 2012 in the Journal Astronomy and Astrophysics. November 8 German, Italian and Austrian scientists have, for the first time ever, successfully treated a child suffering from extensive skin damage using genetically modified skin transplants from its own stem cells. Scientists have used stem cells and gene therapy to replace about 80 percent of the child’s skin, as revealed on 8 November 2017. On November 8, 1895, German scientist Wilhelm Roentgen was conducting experiments in his laboratory and discovered electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range today known as X-rays. November 9 German researchers and their international colleagues have discovered a two-million-year-old adult hominin (human-like creatures) skull – the earliest known and best preserved Paranthropus robustus specimen ever found – at the Drimolen archaeological site north of Johannesburg. The findings were published on 9 November 2020 in Nature Ecology & Evolution. German researchers and their international colleagues have developed a neuroprosthetic system called the “brain-spine interface” that bypasses the lesion, restoring communication between the brain and the region of the spinal cord. Their prototype, detailed in the journal Nature on 9 November 2016, helped a paralysed monkey to walk again. The Berlin Wall separating Western from Eastern Germany was opened on 9th November 1989. This event is known as the “Fall of the Berlin Wall” which paved the way for reunification between the Western and Eastern Germany. The wall was built because of political disagreement between Western and Eastern part of Germany. November 10 November 11 German astronomers and their international colleagues have discovered the oldest known stars, dating from before the Milky Way Galaxy formed, when the Universe was just 300 million years old. The stars, found near the center of the Milky Way, were detailed in the journal Nature on 11 November 2015. November 12 A team of international and German researchers has identified a new species of primate, a lithe tree-dweller living in the forests of central Myanmar with a mask-like face framed by a shock of unruly grey hair. The primate was named a the Popa langur in the journal Zoological Research on 12 November 2020. Germany was elected on the United Nations Human Rights Council on 12 November 2012 for a three-year term. The council was created by the UN General Assembly in 2006 as the main human rights body of the UN. Germany’s Internet ABC Project - that provides young Internet users with advertisement-free access of more than one million web pages, limiting children’s exposure to the potentially harmful aspects of Internet usage - was announced winner of the 2011 UNESCO King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa Prize on 12 November 2012. November 13 Grasshoppers that live in noisy urban environments changed their mating calls to cope with traffic noise, German scientists said on 13 November 2012. The research was published in the British Ecological Society's journal Functional Ecology, is the first to show that man-made noise affects natural insect populations. November 14 November 15 German Formula 1 driver Nico Erik Rosberg won the Brazilian Grand Prix on 15 November 2015 and sealed his place as runner-up in this year's world championship. November 16 November 17 November 18 November 19 November 20 November 21 Germany's Alexander Zverev won second ATP Finals tennis title beating Daniil Medvedev in straight sets 6-4, 6-4 in Turin on 21 November 2021. German scientists have found a species of ant - Philidris nagasau - in Fiji that survives by farming six plant species. The ants nurture seedlings and then live in the cavities of the plants, as detailed on 21 November 2016 in the journal Nature Plants. A team of researchers from Germany, England, China and the USA have discovered an ancient, deep canyon buried along the Yarlung Tsangpo River in south Tibet, north of the eastern end of the Himalaya. The team reported their findings on 21 November 2014 in the journal Science Express. November 22 Angela Merkel, first female Chancellor of Germany, assumed office on November 22, 2005 as the head of Government of Germany. November 23 November 24 Erica Baker from Germany, director of engineering at GitHub, on 24 November 2020 was included in BBC's annual list of 100 inspiring and influential women from around the world. November 25 A team of neuroscientists and electrical engineers from Germany and Switzerland developed a highly sensitive implant that enables to probe brain physiology with unparalleled spatial and temporal resolution. The breakthrough design will allow entirely new applications in the life sciences, as revealed in the journal Nature on 25 November 2019. Red Bull driver Sebastian Vettel of Germany clinched his third straight Formula One championship title on 25 November 2012, despite finishing sixth in the season-ending 2012 Brazilian Grand Prix. November 26 November 27 German driver Nico Rosberg won his first Formula 1 world title on 27 November 2016 and became only the third German to win an F1 title, following in the footsteps of Michael Schumacher and Sebastian Vettel. November 28 November 29 German driver Nico Rosberg representing Mercedes won the 2015 F1 season-closing Abu Dhabi Grand Prix in 1 hour 38 minutes and 30.175 seconds. November 30

December

December 1 December 2 December 3 December 4 Claudia Pechstein of Germany won the women’s 500 meters gold at the Speed-skating World Cup on 4 December 2017 in Calgary. Scientists from Germany and an international team have found DNA in a 400,000-year-old thigh bone discovered in Spain - oldest human genetic material ever sequenced - according to their study published on 4 December 2013 in the journal Nature. December 5 December 6 On 6 December 2009 archaeologists revealed they discovered evidence of mass cannibalism in Europe during the Neolithic period at a 7,000 year old burial site in Germany. December 7 December 8 A team of international and German scientists has discovered a planet 10 times as massive as Jupiter, named b Centauri (AB)b or b Centauri b, orbiting a pair of stars in another solar system, as published on 8 December 2021 in the journal Nature. December 9 German professional racing driver Timo Bernhard was crowned the 2017 FIA World Endurance Champion. German Chancellor Angela Merkel was named Time magazine's 2015 Person of the Year for her leadership in dealing with the Europe’s refugee and debt crises. December 10 December 11 December 12 Scientists from Germany and New Zealand have announced the discovery of a previously unknown species of prehistoric penguin waddled around off the east coast of New Zealand between 55 and 60 million years ago. The researchers estimated that it probably weighed about 220 pounds and was around 5 feet 10 inches tall, as published in Nature Communications on 12 December 2017. December 13 December 14 December 15 Researchers from Germany and their international colleagues have constructed the most comprehensive global microbial gene catalog to date from 13,174 publicly available metagenomes across 14 major habitats based on a global microbiome concept, as published in the journal Nature on 15 December 2021. Germany ranked sixth at the United Nations’ Human Development Index, a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development, according to an UNDP report published on 15 December 2020. December 16 December 17 German professional football manager Jürgen Klopp claimed the Best FIFA Men’s Coach Award for the second consecutive year, having steered Liverpool FC to the English Premier League title, on 17 December 2020. Conspirators murdered Egyptian king Ramesses III by cutting his throat, concludes a study by scientists from Germany, Egypt and Italy published on British Medical Journal on 17 December 2012. December 18 The most complete sequence to date of the Neanderthal genome, using DNA extracted from a woman’s toe bone found in Denisova Cave, Siberia that dates back 50,000 years, reveals a long history of interbreeding among at least four different types of early humans living in Europe and Asia at that time, according to a study published on 18 December 2013 by researchers from Germany and their international colleagues. December 19 December 20 December 21 German football club Bayern Munich won the 2013 Club World Cup with a 2-0 win over Moroccan club Raja Casablanca on 21 December 2013. After detailed study of the meteorite found in California in April 2012, an international team of scientists, including researchers from Germany, reports it contains some of the oldest material in the Solar System. The research findings were published in the journal Science on 21 December 2012. December 22 December 23 December 24 December 25 December 26 December 27 December 28 German chancellor Angela Merkel was named as the Most Influential Figure of 2015 by French news agency AFP for her initiatives on the European migrant and Greek financial crises. December 29 December 30 December 31

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